Listening first
Alongside the schoolwork, I learn who your student is and how they see themselves.
We talk, go on tangents, and do some low-stakes work. I'm watching how your student actually works and comparing it to how they describe themselves. A capable student who doesn't believe it needs different teaching from one who's missing the skill.
What I'm watching for
There's no test. Self-Determination Theory, the research I rely on here, says motivation rests on three needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. In plainer words: some say in the work, a sense of being able to do it, and belonging. I watch for all three.
Then I listen for how the student sees those same three things. The two pictures often don't match. Some strong students are sure they're bad at math. That mismatch is often the first thing we work on.
And I watch for curiosity: what they ask about when they don't think it counts.